Audiences and videogames
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Thursday, 25 November 2010
Key defintions
roliferation
Definition: A rapid increase in the number of a certain type of product.
Use: There are a number of different gaming formats, each with their own unique qualities - PS3, 360, Wii, DS, PSP, 360 and PC - subsequently Rockstar have to adapt their GTA experience to suit the format. So the PS3, 360 and PC get complete the GTA 4 experience, the DS, PSP and phone get GTA: Chinatown Wars.
Technological convergence
Convergence of media occurs when multiple products come together to form one product with the advantages of all of them.
Use: The PlayStation3 is an example of media convergence as it is machine that not only plays game, but can be used to watch Blu-Rays, surf the internet and organise and display digital content such as photos and music.
Media Convergence
When old and new media intersect in such a way that the way in media producers and media consumers interact changes.
Use: The consumption of GTA 4 is a good example of media convergence as consumers have used both old and new media to alter the way in which they experience the game. For instance GTA fans have used the internet to create fansites and communities to share tips, stories and experiences about the game. They have also developed their own modifications and shared them over the internet.
Or when two different media types combine to create a new experience.
Use: GTA4 uses licensed tracks for the radio stations in the games combining videogames and popular music to create new realistic experience and environment.
Synergy
Definition: The interaction of two or more agents to ensure a larger effect than if they acted independently.
Use: Rockstar used synergy in their marketing by timing the release of the first trailer to coincide with the release the first GTA 4 magazine preview which was in the US games magazine Game Informer.
Viral Marketing
Definition: A marketing technique aiming at reproducing "word of mouth", usually on the internet and through existing social networks.
Use: Rockstar used viral marketing to increase awareness of GTA 4 by setting up spoof websites designed to be ‘discovered’ by GTA fans who would then spread the word.
Guerilla Marketing
Definition: The use of unconventional and low cost marketing strategies to raise awareness of a product.
Use: To promote GTA 4, Rockstar used Guerilla marketing, putting up ‘wanted posters’ over New York, stickers up on notice boards and commissioning works of graffiti that featured characters from the game.
Vertical Integration
Definition: Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution.
Use: Rockstar Games have become a vertically integrated company by buying developers they have previously worked with, such as DMA Design who became Rockstar North and Angel Studios who became Rockstar San Diego. By doing this Rockstar have control over development, funding and marketing of their products.
Third Party Game
A game made by a company that is completely independent from the manufacturers of the console that the game is played on.
Second Party Game
A game created exclusively for a specific console through a contract agreement with the console manufacturer. (The console manufacturer may own a percentage of the studio, but not enough to give it a controlling interest.)
First Party Game
A game created by the console manufacturers themselves or by a developer in which the console manufacturer has a controlling interest (over 51% of shares).
Game Engine
A game engine is a software system designed for the creation and development games.
Developer
The software developers who create the game.
Publisher
The company that funds, market and distribute games that they have developed internally or have commissioned or acquired from an independent games developer. (NB even though most publishers also develop games as well, they are referred to as ‘publishers’ to differentiate them from the companies that just develop games.)
Machinima
Derived from the words ‘machine’ and ‘cinema’, Machinima is art of filmmaking created by using real-time recording of computer games, virtual worlds or any already-existing 3D digital worlds.
Modding
Modding is a slang expression that is derived from the word "modify” and refers to the act of modifying a game to perform a function or to include content not originally conceived or intended by the designer, and then usually shared via the internet.
Sandbox Game
A game that allows the gamer to ignore the main objectives of the game (usually the Story Mission) and engage in other non-goal orientate activities.
Definition: A rapid increase in the number of a certain type of product.
Use: There are a number of different gaming formats, each with their own unique qualities - PS3, 360, Wii, DS, PSP, 360 and PC - subsequently Rockstar have to adapt their GTA experience to suit the format. So the PS3, 360 and PC get complete the GTA 4 experience, the DS, PSP and phone get GTA: Chinatown Wars.
Technological convergence
Convergence of media occurs when multiple products come together to form one product with the advantages of all of them.
Use: The PlayStation3 is an example of media convergence as it is machine that not only plays game, but can be used to watch Blu-Rays, surf the internet and organise and display digital content such as photos and music.
Media Convergence
When old and new media intersect in such a way that the way in media producers and media consumers interact changes.
Use: The consumption of GTA 4 is a good example of media convergence as consumers have used both old and new media to alter the way in which they experience the game. For instance GTA fans have used the internet to create fansites and communities to share tips, stories and experiences about the game. They have also developed their own modifications and shared them over the internet.
Or when two different media types combine to create a new experience.
Use: GTA4 uses licensed tracks for the radio stations in the games combining videogames and popular music to create new realistic experience and environment.
Synergy
Definition: The interaction of two or more agents to ensure a larger effect than if they acted independently.
Use: Rockstar used synergy in their marketing by timing the release of the first trailer to coincide with the release the first GTA 4 magazine preview which was in the US games magazine Game Informer.
Viral Marketing
Definition: A marketing technique aiming at reproducing "word of mouth", usually on the internet and through existing social networks.
Use: Rockstar used viral marketing to increase awareness of GTA 4 by setting up spoof websites designed to be ‘discovered’ by GTA fans who would then spread the word.
Guerilla Marketing
Definition: The use of unconventional and low cost marketing strategies to raise awareness of a product.
Use: To promote GTA 4, Rockstar used Guerilla marketing, putting up ‘wanted posters’ over New York, stickers up on notice boards and commissioning works of graffiti that featured characters from the game.
Vertical Integration
Definition: Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution.
Use: Rockstar Games have become a vertically integrated company by buying developers they have previously worked with, such as DMA Design who became Rockstar North and Angel Studios who became Rockstar San Diego. By doing this Rockstar have control over development, funding and marketing of their products.
Third Party Game
A game made by a company that is completely independent from the manufacturers of the console that the game is played on.
Second Party Game
A game created exclusively for a specific console through a contract agreement with the console manufacturer. (The console manufacturer may own a percentage of the studio, but not enough to give it a controlling interest.)
First Party Game
A game created by the console manufacturers themselves or by a developer in which the console manufacturer has a controlling interest (over 51% of shares).
Game Engine
A game engine is a software system designed for the creation and development games.
Developer
The software developers who create the game.
Publisher
The company that funds, market and distribute games that they have developed internally or have commissioned or acquired from an independent games developer. (NB even though most publishers also develop games as well, they are referred to as ‘publishers’ to differentiate them from the companies that just develop games.)
Machinima
Derived from the words ‘machine’ and ‘cinema’, Machinima is art of filmmaking created by using real-time recording of computer games, virtual worlds or any already-existing 3D digital worlds.
Modding
Modding is a slang expression that is derived from the word "modify” and refers to the act of modifying a game to perform a function or to include content not originally conceived or intended by the designer, and then usually shared via the internet.
Sandbox Game
A game that allows the gamer to ignore the main objectives of the game (usually the Story Mission) and engage in other non-goal orientate activities.
Monday, 15 November 2010
Instutions of Rockstar
Rockstar Japan
-is the Japanese localisation headquarters of Rockstar Games setting up a new development studio in Japan. They work in conjunction with their publisher Capcorn.
-Rockstar Leeds.
English videogames designer. Based in the city from where the name was taken, Rockstar Leeds has primarily published handheld games for Game Boy Colour(GBC) and Game Boy Advance(GBA), as well as Midnight Club 3:DUB Edition and the Grand Theft Auto Stories series for the Playstation Portable (PSP).
Founded in 1997 by Gordon Hall (president), Jason McGann, Dave Box, Ian Bowden and Justin Johnson. The company consists of 75 Game Desingers and game programes. In April 2004, the company was acquired by Rockstar games and renamed Rockstar Leeds. The offices of Rockstar Leeds were once located in a converted 18th century church. After the release of Grand Theft Auto: Liberty Cities in late 2005, the studio relocated to the City West office park.
Rockstar Lincoln
Rockstar Lincoln (formerly Tarantula Studios), located in the city of Lincoln in the East Midlands of England, is Rockstar Games' dedicated quality assurance and software localisation studio, responsible for game testingand translating games developed by Rockstar. Before becoming solely a quality assurance facility, Rockstar Lincoln developed video games, including the Game Boy Color version of Grand Theft Auto.
Rockstar London
Rockstar London is a British video game developer, and in 2005 was the second newest studio to join theRockstar Games family. Notable productions include Manhunt 2 for the PlayStation 2. Rockstar London is located on Kings Road, London, in the same building as Rockstar's European publishing headquarters.
In June 2008, Rockstar London were nominated for the Develop Industry Excellence Awards 2008 in the category of Best New UK/European Studio alongside Finblade, Konami Paris, Oxygen Studios and Doublesix
Rockstar North
Rockstar North Ltd. (formerly DMA Design Ltd.) is a Scottish video game developer, best known for cr eating theGrand Theft Auto and Lemmings franchises in its earlier guise as DMA. The company is a part of Rockstar Games, owned by Take-Two Interactive. It is the primary developer of the Grand Theft Auto series, includingGrand Theft Auto III, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, which are three of the best-selling games on sixth-generation consoles, in addition to the best-selling Grand Theft Auto IV in the current generation of consoles.
Rockstar San Diego
Rockstar San Diego (formerly Angel Studios) is one of the development studios under the Rockstar Gamesumbrella. The studio pioneered open world racing games with the Midtown Madness and the award-winningMidnight Club series. It is also responsible for the "Red Dead" series of western games (Red Dead Revolverin 2004 and Red Dead Redemption in 2010). The studio also developed the RAGE engine which is used in almost all Rockstar Games, including Grand Theft Auto IV. It was acquired by Take Two Interactive in November 2002.
Rockstar Toronto
Rockstar Toronto (formerly Rockstar Canada) is an in-house game development team for Rockstar Gamesand Take-Two Interactive, located in Oakville, Ontario, Canada, a town located approximately twenty minutes west of Toronto. The company was renamed Rockstar Toronto in 2002 after Rockstar Games boughtVancouver-based Barking Dog Studios and re-named it Rockstar Vancouver.
In recent years, Rockstar Toronto has taken the responsibility of porting titles to the Wii console and PC with varying degrees of success. Rockstar Toronto's PC port of Grand Theft Auto IV received scathing reviews due to multiple bugs and glitches.Bit-tech went as far as to name the PC port the fourth "most disappointing game" of 2008.
Their most recent project was co-developing a PC version of Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City withRockstar North, which was released on April 13, 2010.
Rockstar Vancouver
Rockstar Vancouver is a video game studio located in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. Rockstar Vancouver released Bully, a controversial title exclusively for the PlayStation 2 on October 17, 2006. Rockstar Vancouver employs 75 people and develops action titles exclusively for Rockstar Games.
Rockstar Vancouver is currently working on Max Payne 3, the sequel to Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne.
Rockstar Vancouver is currently working on Max Payne 3, the sequel to Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne.
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